Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/mac/TEXT/SPACEDIG/V16_6/V16NO665.TXT

Internet Message Format | 1993-07-13 | 27KB

Date: Thu,  3 Jun 93 05:35:10
From: Space Digest maintainer <[e-mail]>
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Subject: Space Digest V16 #665
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk


Space Digest                Thu,  3 Jun 93       Volume 16 : Issue 665

Today's Topics:
       Diffs to sci.space/sci.astro Frequently Asked Questions
           NASA To Commercialize Remote-Control Technology
                          Shuttle simulation
                    Some numbers for Ken (2 msgs)

    Welcome to the Space Digest!!  Please send your messages to
    "[e-mail]", and (un)subscription requests of the form
    "Subscribe Space <your name>" to one of these addresses: listserv@uga
    (BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle
    (THENET), or [e-mail] (Internet).
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 2 Jun 1993 23:24:28 -0400
From: Jon Leech <[e-mail]>
Subject: Diffs to sci.space/sci.astro Frequently Asked Questions
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,sci.answers,news.answers

Archive-name: space/diff

    In starting to reorganize and shrink the FAQ, the old section 7
(mnemonics) has been removed (now kept on ames.arc.nasa.gov, with a pointer
to the file in the FAQ). The old section 6 (constants and equations) has
been folded into section 4 (calculations and data formats). Following
sections have been renumbered.

    Many areas have been slightly rephrased in order to move towards a
consistent syntax for naming FTPable files. These diffs are not listed below
as they don't affect the meaning of the text.

DIFFS SINCE LAST FAQ POSTING (IN POSTING ORDER)

(These are hand-edited context diffs; do not attempt to use them to patch
old copies of the FAQ).

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.intro
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25744    Wed Jun  2 23:16:51 1993
--- FAQ.intro    Wed Jun  2 23:16:40 1993
***************
*** 16,24 ****
  your KILL file for this group (if you're not reading this with a newsreader
  that can kill articles by subject, you're out of luck).

!     The FAQ volume is excessive right now and will hopefully be trimmed down
! by rewriting and condensing over time. The FAQ postings are available in
! the Ames SPACE archive in FAQ/faq<#>.

      Good summaries will be accepted in place of the answers given here. The
  point of this is to circulate existing information, and avoid rehashing old
--- 16,26 ----
  your KILL file for this group (if you're not reading this with a newsreader
  that can kill articles by subject, you're out of luck).

!     The FAQ volume is excessive right now and will gradually being trimmed
! down by rewriting, condensing, and moving static information to archive
! servers. The FAQ postings are available from the Ames SPACE archive in
! ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/FAQ/faq*, along with more information expanding
! on topics in the FAQ.

      Good summaries will be accepted in place of the answers given here. The
  point of this is to circulate existing information, and avoid rehashing old

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.net
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25749    Wed Jun  2 23:16:53 1993
--- FAQ.net    Wed Jun  2 23:16:41 1993

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.data
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25754    Wed Jun  2 23:16:54 1993
--- FAQ.data    Wed Jun  2 23:16:39 1993
***************
*** 8,25 ****

      A wide variety of images, data, catalogs, information releases, and
      other material dealing with space and astronomy may be found on the net.
      A few sites offer direct dialup access or remote login access, while the
      remainder support some form of file transfer. Many sites are listed as
!     providing 'anonymous FTP'. This refers to the File Transfer Protocol on
!     the Internet. Sites not connected to the Internet cannot use FTP
!     directly, but there are a few automated FTP servers which operates via
!     email. Send mail containing only the word HELP to [e-mail]
!     or [e-mail], and the servers will send you instructions
!     on how to make requests.

!     The sources with the broadest selection of material are the NASA Ames
!     SPACE archive and the National Space Science Data Center.

      Don't even ask for images to be posted to the net. The data volume is
      huge and nobody wants to spend the time on it.

--- 8,37 ----

      A wide variety of images, data, catalogs, information releases, and
      other material dealing with space and astronomy may be found on the net.
+     The sources with the broadest selection of material are the NASA Ames
+     SPACE archive and the National Space Science Data Center (described
+     below).
+
      A few sites offer direct dialup access or remote login access, while the
      remainder support some form of file transfer. Many sites are listed as
!     providing 'anonymous FTP' (or files referred to as 'FTPable'). This
!     refers to the File Transfer Protocol on the Internet. Sites not
!     connected to the Internet cannot use FTP directly, but there are a few
!     automated FTP servers which operate via email. Send mail containing only
!     the word HELP to [e-mail] or [e-mail],
!     and the servers will send you instructions on how to make requests.

!     Shorthand for a specific file or directory at an anonymous FTP site is
!     sitename:filename (e.g. ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/FAQ/Index). The FAQ
!     is phasing out the specification of IP addresses and referring to FTP
!     sites only by fully qualified machine name.

+     An ever-increasing amount of space-related data may be searched and
+     retrieved interactively using gopher, WAIS, World Wide Web, and other
+     Internet clients that may be far more convenient than FTP. A description
+     of these applications is beyond the scope of this FAQ; see the Usenet
+     groups comp.infosystems.{gopher,wais,www} for more information.
+
      Don't even ask for images to be posted to the net. The data volume is
      huge and nobody wants to spend the time on it.

***************
*** 29,43 ****
      The possible combinations of image formats and machines is forebodingly
      large, and I won't attempt to cover common formats (GIF, etc.) here. To
      read PDS and VICAR (and many other) formats on Unix systems running X,
!     use XV 2.11, available by anonymous FTP from export.lcs.mit.edu
!     (18.24.0.12) in contrib/xv-2.11.tar.Z and the other standard X11 FTP
!     sites.

      The FAQ for the Usenet group alt.binaries.pictures discusses image
      formats and how to get image viewing software. A copy of this document
!     is available by anonymous FTP from the Usenet FAQ archives at
!     pit-manager.mit.edu (18.72.1.58), in directory
!     pub/usenet/alt.binaries.pictures.


  ONLINE ARCHIVES
--- 41,54 ----
      The possible combinations of image formats and machines is forebodingly
      large, and I won't attempt to cover common formats (GIF, etc.) here. To
      read PDS and VICAR (and many other) formats on Unix systems running X,
!     use XV 3.00, available by anonymous FTP from
!     export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/xv-3.00.tar.Z, as well as the other standard
!     X11 FTP sites.

      The FAQ for the Usenet group alt.binaries.pictures discusses image
      formats and how to get image viewing software. A copy of this document
!     is available from the Usenet FAQ archives in
!     rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/alt.binaries.pictures.


  ONLINE ARCHIVES
***************
*** 254,278 ****
      subset containing position and magnitude only is available by FTP (see
      "Astronomy Programs" below).

!     nic.funet.fi (128.214.6.100) has a large collection of astronomical
      programs for many types of computers, databases of stars and deep sky
!     objects, and general astronomy information in directory /pub/astro. This
!     site is mainly for European users, but overseas connections are
!     possible.

!     The Ames archives contain a database of 8,436 galaxies including name,
!     RA, declination, magnitude, and radial velocity in MISC/galaxy.dat.
!     Supplied by Wayne Hayes ([e-mail]).

!     iris1.ucis.dal.ca (129.173.18.107) has a number of GIFs from Voyager,
!     Hubble, and other sources available by anonymous FTP in pub/gif (most of
!     this data is also in SPACE/GIF on the Ames server). Please restrict
!     access to 5pm - 8am Atlantic time.

!     pomona.claremont.edu has the Yale Bright Star catalog for anonymous FTP
!     in directory [.YALE_BSC]. Contact James Dishaw
!     ([e-mail]).

      The Hubble Guide Star catalog is available on CD-ROM for the Mac and PC
      for $49.95 US (catalog # ST101).

--- 262,287 ----
      subset containing position and magnitude only is available by FTP (see
      "Astronomy Programs" below).

!     nic.funet.fi:pub/astro contains a large collection of astronomical
      programs for many types of computers, databases of stars and deep sky
!     objects, and general astronomy information. This site is mainly for
!     European users, but overseas connections are possible.

!     ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/MISC/galaxy.dat is a database of 8,436
!     galaxies including name, RA, declination, magnitude, and radial
!     velocity, supplied by Wayne Hayes ([e-mail]).

!     ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/FAQ/constell.* contains constellation
!     boundary data in a form suitable for the construction of star charts and
!     atlases.

!     Directory iris1.ucis.dal.ca:pub/gif has a number of GIFs from Voyager,
!     Hubble, and other sources (most of this data is also in pub/SPACE/GIF on
!     the Ames server). Please restrict access to 5pm - 8am Atlantic time.

+     Directory pomona.claremont.edu:[.YALE_BSC] contains the the Yale Bright
+     Star catalog. Contact James Dishaw ([e-mail]).
+
      The Hubble Guide Star catalog is available on CD-ROM for the Mac and PC
      for $49.95 US (catalog # ST101).

***************
*** 282,292 ****
      Phone: [phone] AM - 3 PM Pacific Time
      FAX: [phone]

!     For German (and possibly other European) readers, Jost Jahn has a
!     service to distribute astronomical data to interested amateurs at cost.
!     About 30-40 catalogs are available for DM 6..8/disk. Several floppy disk
!     formats are available. Because of the expense of receiving email on his
!     system, he asks that you contact him by physical mail:

      Jost Jahn
      Neustaedter Strasse 11
--- 291,302 ----
      Phone: [phone] AM - 3 PM Pacific Time
      FAX: [phone]

!     For German (and possibly other European) readers, Jost Jahn
!     ([e-mail]) has a mail service to distribute astronomical
!     data to interested amateurs at cost. About 30-40 catalogs are available
!     for DM 6..8/disk. Several floppy disk formats are available. He also has
!     a FAX service with current news on the observable sky. Email him if
!     interested in these services, or write:

      Jost Jahn
      Neustaedter Strasse 11
***************
*** 293,298 ****
--- 303,309 ----
      W-3123 Bodenteich
      GERMANY
      Phone: FRG-5824-3197
+      FAX: [phone]


      ASTRONOMY PROGRAMS
***************
*** 317,355 ****
      Volume 12:      starchart2  starchart program, update to version 3.2.1
      Volume 13:      jupmoons      plotter for Jupiter's major moons [in perl]
      Volume 13:      lunisolar   lunisolar (not sure what this does)
-     Volume 14:      ephem-4.21  astronomical ephemeris, v4.21
      Volume 14:      n3emo-orbit patch to orbit 3.7
      Volume 18:      planet      planet generation simulator

!     Elwood Downey ([e-mail]), the author of
!     "ephem", has offered to mail copies to people who can't find it on one
!     of the archives.

!     XSAT, an X Window System based satellite tracking program, is
!     available by anonymous FTP from export.lcs.mit.edu (18.24.0.12) in
!     contrib/xsat1.0.tar.Z. Contact Dave Curry ([e-mail])
!     for more information.

!     Xsky, a computerized sky atlas for the X Window System, is available for
!     anonymous FTP on arizona.edu in the directory [.SOFTWARE.UNIX.XSKY] as
!     xsky.tarz. Contact Terry R. Friedrichsen ([e-mail]) for
!     more information.

!     The "Variable Stars Analysis Software Archive" is available via
!     anonymous FTP from kauri.vuw.ac.nz (130.195.11.3) in directory
!     pub/astrophys. This is intended for specialists in this field, and they
!     would appreciate people from outside New Zealand confining their FTP
!     access to the astrophys directory, as they pay a significant amount for
!     Internet access. Contents are relatively sparse at present due to the
!     youth of the archive - contributions are encouraged. Contact the archive
!     administrator, Timothy Banks ([e-mail]) for more
!     information.

!     The "IDL Astronomy Users Library" is available by anonymous FTP from
!     idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov (128.183.57.82). This is a central repository for
!     general purpose astronomy procedures written in IDL, a commercial image
!     processing, plotting, and programming language. Contact Wayne Landsman
!     ([e-mail]) for more information.


      ORBITAL ELEMENT SETS
--- 328,369 ----
      Volume 12:      starchart2  starchart program, update to version 3.2.1
      Volume 13:      jupmoons      plotter for Jupiter's major moons [in perl]
      Volume 13:      lunisolar   lunisolar (not sure what this does)
      Volume 14:      n3emo-orbit patch to orbit 3.7
      Volume 18:      planet      planet generation simulator

!     Xephem is an interactive astronomical ephemeris program for X11R4/Motif
!     1.1 (or later) X Windows systems. It computes lots of information about
!     the planets and any solar system objects for which orbital elements are
!     available. A sample database of some 16000+ objects is included in the
!     release kit. It's available by anonymous FTP from
!     export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/xephem/xephem_2.4e.tar.Z and has been
!     submitted to comp.sources.x. Contact Elwood Downey
!     ([e-mail]). Ephem is the forefather of xephem
!     designed for simple 24x80 character displays. It's FTPable from
!     export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/ephem_4.28.tar.Z.

!     XSAT, an X Window System based satellite tracking program, is available
!     from export.lcs.mit.edu:contrib/xsat1.0.tar.Z. Contact Dave Curry
!     ([e-mail]) for more information.

!     Xsky 2.0.1, a computerized sky atlas for the X Window System, is
!     available from arizona.edu:[.software.unix.xsky]xsky2-0-1.tarz. Contact
!     Terry R. Friedrichsen ([e-mail]) for more information.

!     The "Variable Stars Analysis Software Archive" is available in directory
!     kauri.vuw.ac.nz:pub/astrophys. This is intended for specialists in this
!     field, and they would appreciate people from outside New Zealand
!     confining their FTP access to the astrophys directory, as they pay a
!     significant amount for Internet access. Contents are relatively sparse
!     at present due to the youth of the archive - contributions are
!     encouraged. Contact the archive administrator, Timothy Banks
!     ([e-mail]) for more information.

!     The "IDL Astronomy Users Library" is FTPable from
!     idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov:README (to start with). This is a central
!     repository for general purpose astronomy procedures written in IDL, a
!     commercial image processing, plotting, and programming language. Contact
!     Wayne Landsman ([e-mail]) for more information.


      ORBITAL ELEMENT SETS

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.math
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25759    Wed Jun  2 23:16:56 1993
--- FAQ.math    Wed Jun  2 23:16:41 1993
***************
*** 52,57 ****
--- 236,247 ----

      More net references:

+     "Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac" (revised edition),
+     Kenneth Seidelmann, University Science Books, 1992. ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
+     $65 in hardcover.
+
+      Deep math for all the algorthms and tables in the AA.
+
      Van Flandern & Pullinen, _Low-Precision Formulae for Planetary
      Positions_, Astrophysical J. Supp Series, 41:391-411, 1979. Look in an
      astronomy or physics library for this; also said to be available from

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.references
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25764    Wed Jun  2 23:16:58 1993
--- FAQ.references    Wed Jun  2 23:16:43 1993
--- 655,668 ----
      "Geophysical Geodesy" by K. Lambeck
      "Tides of the planet Earth" by P. Melchior

!
!     ASTRONOMICAL MNEMONICS
!
!     A listing of astronomical mnemonics is FTPable from
!     ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/MISC/mnemonics (this was formerly a separate
!     section of the FAQ).
!
! NOTE: the remaining FAQ sections do not appear in sci.astro, as they cover
!     material of relevance only to sci.space.
!
! NEXT: FAQ #6/13 - Contacting NASA, ESA, and other space agencies/companies

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.addresses
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25769    Wed Jun  2 23:16:59 1993
--- FAQ.addresses    Wed Jun  2 23:16:37 1993
***************
*** 169,174 ****
--- 169,178 ----
      Washington, DC 20006
      (202)-728-9075

+ EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITE COMPANY (EOSAT)
+     7500 Forbes Boulevard
+     Lanham, MD
+
  EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA)
      955 L'Enfant Plaza S.W.
      Washington, D.C. 20024
***************
*** 177,182 ****
--- 181,187 ----
  NATIONAL SPACE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (NASDA)
      4-1 Hamamatsu-Cho, 2 Chome
      Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, JAPAN
+     [e-mail] (Public Relations Office)

  SOYUZKARTA
      45 Vologradsij Pr.
***************
*** 213,222 ****
      (202)-488-3483

  SPACE INDUSTRIES, INC.
!     101 Courageous Dr.
!     Leage City, TX 77573
      [phone]

  SPOT IMAGE CORPORATION
      1857 Preston White Drive,
      Reston, VA 22091
--- 218,229 ----
      (202)-488-3483

  SPACE INDUSTRIES, INC.
!     101 Courageous Dr.      711 W. Bay Area Blvd. #320
!     Leage City, TX 77573    Webster, TX 77598
      [phone]

+     I'm not certain which of these two addresses is correct.
+
  SPOT IMAGE CORPORATION
      1857 Preston White Drive,
      Reston, VA 22091

===================================================================
diff -t -c -r1.20 FAQ.groups
*** /tmp/,RCSt1a25794    Wed Jun  2 23:17:07 1993
--- FAQ.groups    Wed Jun  2 23:16:40 1993
***************
*** 247,257 ****
      Aerospace Daily (McGraw-Hill)
      Very good coverage of aerospace and space issues. Approx. $1400/yr.

!     Air & Space / Smithsonian (bimonthly magazine)
      Box 53261
      Boulder, CO 80332-3261
      $18/year US, $24/year international

      ESA - The European Space Agency publishes a variety of periodicals,
      generally available free of charge. A document describing them in
      more detail is in the Ames SPACE archive in
--- 247,276 ----
      Aerospace Daily (McGraw-Hill)
      Very good coverage of aerospace and space issues. Approx. $1400/yr.

!     Air & Space / Smithsonian (bimonthly magazine) - A glossy magazine,
!      generally light reading; the emphasis is much more on aviation than
!      on space. Contains information about all events at the National Air
!      & Space Museum.
!
      Box 53261
      Boulder, CO 80332-3261
      $18/year US, $24/year international

+     Aviation Week & Space Technology - weekly aerospace trade, emphasis on
+      aeronautics but usually has several space-related articles. Rates
+      depend on whether you're "qualified" or not, which basically means
+      whether you look at the ads for cruise missiles out of curiosity, or
+      out of genuine commercial or military interest. Best write for a
+      "qualification card" and try to get the cheap rate.
+
+      1221 Ave. of the Americas,
+      New York NY 10020
+      (800)-525-5003 (International [phone])
+      $82/year US (qualified)
+      About $50 if you qualify for the unadvertised student subscription
+          rate - I (Jon Leech) got this rate by begging and pleading to a
+          McGraw-Hill representative at the SIGGRAPH '92 conference.
+
      ESA - The European Space Agency publishes a variety of periodicals,
      generally available free of charge. A document describing them in
      more detail is in the Ames SPACE archive in

------------------------------

Date: 2 Jun 1993 21:45:16 GMT
From: Chuck McManis <[e-mail]>
Subject: NASA To Commercialize Remote-Control Technology
Newsgroups: sci.space,alt.sci.planetary,comp.robotics

In article <[e-mail]> (Ron Baalke) writes:
>     Possible terrestrial applications for teleoperations include
>nuclear or toxic waste site cleanup, decommissioning of hazardous
>facilities, special emergency medical operations, construction and
>building planning, and remotely operated highway maintenance.

It would be a public service if someone could produce a robot that can
work in high radiation environments. A good test for such a robot would
be to go under the Chernobyl reactor vessel and begin cleaning up the
remains of the melted core. After the accident the _only_ thing that
would continue operating in the high radiation environment were humans
and many of them are now dead. Further the current Russian government
is faced with the prospect of building a "sarcophagus"(sp?) to replace
the current structure with a building lifetime of several thousand
years. Since no one has ever been able to design such a building the
alternative is transporting the remains of the reactor and the tonnes
of radioactive dust to a buried facility (an understood technology)
Using people to do this is possible, but costly.

So, in order to make this a bit more tenable for the group, I offer the
following suggested research topics:
        a) High radiation electronics - computing in radiation
           rich environments.
        b) Teleoperation in high noise environments.
        c) Robotics designed to sustain massive failures and
           continue operating (good for robotic space probes
           as well.)


--
--Chuck McManis                Mr. NIS+                Sunsoft
uucp: {anywhere}!sun!cmcmanis   BIX: <none>   Internet: [e-mail]
These opinions are my own and no one elses, but you knew that didn't you.

------------------------------

Date: 2 Jun 93 23:51:05 GMT
From: Steve Powell <[e-mail]>
Subject: Shuttle simulation
Newsgroups: sci.space

E-mail on Int
Keywords: simulation,shuttle,education,hypercard,computer


Fran O'Rourke's multi-age class is doing a 24 hr. Shuttle Simulaiont
this Friday: blast off  at 10 AM. 6 astronauts, 10 Mission Control, and
10 News Corps will be kept busy with experiments on shuttle every half
hour, Video Conf. with NASA-Ames, Simulated (and animated) space walks
to repair a satellite, and 32 Macs to be used for communications,
hypercard stacks, Gravitation, Art , etc.
The wall between the library and the computer lab will come down for
this next week.  THAT's a big deal--merging computers witht he real
world (sort of real world on Friday!).
We'd love your notes, questions, fun facts etc. that you could E-mail to
this address ([e-mail]).
We'l be using Orbitarack to keep track of the Shuttle. A month or so ago
several of you wer kid  kind enough to provide me with shuttle elements.
Thanks in advance.
Steve Powell, parent volunteer

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 3 Jun 1993 01:14:38 GMT
From: "Phil G. Fraering" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Some numbers for Ken
Newsgroups: sci.space

[e-mail] (Ken Hayashida) writes:

>[e-mail] (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:

>>Well to help Ken out I dug out my spreadsheets and plugged in some new
>>DC numbers which recently came my way. I will present two models which
>>show expected vs worse case. The worse case is in essence the best case
>>times two. Both models assume a production run of four DC-1's and a total

>>launch rate of 200 flights per year for the fleet. DDT&E is amortized
>                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
*snip!*

>Number 3, your estimates of DC-1 flight rates seem awfully high.
>200 flights per year comes to 4 flights per week.  I can't imagine
>any government needing a flight rate that high.

1. The Soviet Union had a flight rate of ~ 90 launches in one year
sometime in the mid-80's.

2. If costs are reduced, the market will expand. (I think this is
something economically trivial; should I go find a Price Theory
textbook and provide a reference?)

>Can anyone out there tell me if the entire world sends 200 rockets into
>orbit per year?

They probably would if it didn't cost so much. Which is the whole
point.
--

+-----------------------+---------------------------------------+

|Phil Fraering          | "...drag them, kicking and screaming, |
|[e-mail] | into the Century of the Fruitbat."    |
+-----------------------+-Terry Pratchett, _Reaper Man_---------+

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 3 Jun 1993 01:11:10 GMT
From: Gary Coffman <ke4zv!gary>
Subject: Some numbers for Ken
Newsgroups: sci.space

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:
>
>Well to help Ken out I dug out my spreadsheets and plugged in some new
>DC numbers which recently came my way. I will present two models which
>show expected vs worse case. The worse case is in essence the best case
>times two. Both models assume a production run of four DC-1's and a total
>launch rate of 200 flights per year for the fleet. DDT&E is amortized
>over ten years at an interest rate of 8%/year. The numbers are:
>
>DDT&E   Launch Cost   Total Cost    Payload    $/LB to LEO
> $5B        $6M         $9.63M      24,000 LB     $401
>$10B       $12M        $19.26M      20,000 LB     $963

Now work it again with a realistic flight rate, say 8 flights a year.
What? $10,000 a pound. My My Shuttle was $400 a pound too when it was
flying paper flights.

Gary
--
Gary Coffman KE4ZV          |    You make it,     | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
Destructive Testing Systems |    we break it.     | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
534 Shannon Way             |    Guaranteed!      | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
Lawrenceville, GA 30244     |                     |

------------------------------

End of Space Digest Volume 16 : Issue 665
------------------------------